This course explores next-generation chemical pollution decontamination solutions, specifically designed to address the technical and economic limitations of conventional wastewater treatment. It covers an array of advanced remediation technologies aimed at protecting the Mediterranean ecosystem, including microfluidic advanced oxidation, chemical-free pulsed discharge plasma systems, and selective element recovery. Furthermore, the course examines sustainable circular economy practices in water engineering, focusing on the experimental conversion of End-of-Life (EoL) Reverse Osmosis (RO) membranes into functional Nanofiltration (NF) and Ultrafiltration (UF) elements.