This course provides a comprehensive overview of secondary steelmaking, focusing on both operational practices and the scientific principles that govern them. Across three structured modules, learners explore the role of secondary steelmaking in refining steel between primary production (BOF/EAF) and casting. The course begins by positioning secondary steelmaking within the steel production process, emphasizing the importance of impurity removal and composition control. It then details key refining operations including stirring techniques, ladle arc furnace functionality, alloy injection via powder and wire, and degassing methods. Finally, the course investigates the underlying scientific relationships that drive deoxidation, decarburisation, and desulphurisation, supported by equilibrium curves and thermodynamic equations. Designed for those involved in metallurgical processes or steel production, this course combines conceptual, operational, and applied learning to ensure mastery of critical refining stages in steelmaking.

Audience Fit: metallurgical engineers, process operators, quality control specialists, and technical trainees working in the steel industry. It is also relevant for students in materials science or industrial manufacturing programs.